Waggoner’s Gap Hawkwatch

3-4 November 2020

    Adult Bald Eagle passes hawk watch at eye level. 

About 10 miles north of Carlisle, Pennsylvania, Kittatinny Ridge dominates the skyline. It carries the Appalachian Trail southwestward along its rocky heights. Where Route 74 crosses a low point on the ridge, there is a rocky overlook ideal for watching migrating raptors in autumn. This is Waggoner’s Gap Hawkwatch. In early November, when the winds are from the northwest or the south, Golden Eagles and other raptors can be censused when they pass by the rocky ridgetop. A chance to see these birds lures hawk watchers from far and wide.

     Adult Sharp-shinned Hawk

To choose a time to visit, I studied the hawkwatch data from past years in hawkcount.org and I also monitored the 10-day forecast from weather.com, looking for the best two-day combination of winds. Happily, the 3^rd and 4^th of November were the best dates. I was pleased because this would get me away from the TV during the horrors of the national election (something we are  still suffering through). I drove up to Carlisle the afternoon of the 2^nd, and I had a full 48 hours free of NPR or CNN and its breaking news. Carlisle itself was very quiet because the covid lockdown has shuttered Dickinson College, the main industry within this small town.

     Turkey Vulture wheeling in wind

Tuesday morning predawn I made my way to the Carlisle Diner for a hearty pre-hawkwatch breakfast, then drove up the country road to the top of the high ridge, with its rough mane of golden and red-brown oak foliage. I parked in the wooded parking lot provided by Pennsylvania Audubon, owners of the site. A ten-minute walk up the tumbled rocky scree brought me to the overlook, already populated by ten or so watchers—mainly regulars. 

    Vista from ridge, looking north

    Vista looking south

Autumn hawkwatching is primarily a pastime of retirees, because it is a seven-days-a-week operation, with very long hours. The count typically goes from sunrise to sunset. Working folks stop in for a short bout of hawk watching early or late, but it is those with the time available that are here throughout the long days (people just like me).

 

    Adult Red-tailed Hawk over autumn foliage

When visiting Waggoner’s Gap Hawkwatch, it pays to be prepared. A close examination, in advance, of the hourly forecast is important, in order to have proper clothing for chilly dawns and often very windy afternoons. Wind chill is big atop the ridge. Stout boots, layers of clothing, sunscreen, hats and woolen caps, and sunglasses are all warranted. Also hot and cold drinks, lots of snackfood, and something soft to sit on (the rocks are rough). This all makes the experience not unpleasant.

    Immature Red-shouldered Hawk overhead 

    

What makes it pleasant is the combination of the passing birds and the lively chatter by the scattered company of watchers. Everybody is scanning the skies in search of a tiny dark speck that will slowly grow in size as the distant raptor approaches the group.

    Hawk counters dressed for the cold

It’s not only raptors. My two days on the ridge this year produced flocks of American Pipits, Red Crossbills, Evening Grosbeaks, Purple Finches, Pine Siskins, American Goldfinches, American Crows, Common Ravens, and more. In addition, a bird feeder at the site lures in the locals—two species of chickadee, two species of nuthatch, and Dark-eyed Juncos.

 

    Black Vulture

In early November the common raptors are Red-tailed Hawk, Sharp-shinned Hawk, and Red-shouldered Hawk.

    Immature Northern Harrier

There are also goodly numbers of Black Vultures and Turkey Vultures, sometimes in flocks. These move back and forth up and down the ridge and over out in the valley, and keep you busy. A dark bird in the distance could be a Turkey Vulture.... or could be a Golden Eagle. Every bird must be checked out...

    Adult Bald Eagle overhead
 

Sitting in this group, folks are continually calling out a sighted bird and its location (“above the bowl” .... “just right of the Little Dip” ... or “Over the Top!”...) so that others in the group can zero in on the bird.

    Juvenile Golden Eagle at eye level

Most people present in early November are thinking mainly about one species—Golden Eagle. Waggoner’s Gap typically gets from 150-250 Golden Eagles each year, mainly between late October and late November. This is a species of raptor difficult to see in the East except from a few hawk watches in the Appalachians. Waggoner’s Gap is perhaps the most famous place in the East to see these great dark eagles.

    Adult Golden Eagle overhead (note all-dark tail and wings)

I picked two good days for Goldens. Day One produced 30 individuals, and Day Two produced 13 birds. Each one is savored. An individual can be in view for as much as 5 minutes, in situations where the bird is first picked out in the far distance across the valley to the north. One can then watch the bird slowly make its way westward and southward, often seen as a large dark bird as much as a mile off (best followed with a spotting scope). The counters spend a lot of time examining each bird, to determine its age by its plumage (white in wings and tail indicates a juvenile, tawny on the upper surface of the wings indicates an adult).

 

    Near-adult Golden Eagle going low

Funny thing, in most places in the US, a Bald Eagle is a special bird to see. Not so much at a place like Waggoner’s Gap, where Bald Eagles are “ho hum” and Goldens are the birds much more in demand. We had 15 Balds on the two days I was there...

 

    Juvenile Golden Eagle at eye level

That said, a close encounter with a full adult Bald Eagle coming across the ridge is a worthy experience. We had one of these the early morning of the 4^th and the camera’s were clicking noisily...

 

    Near-adult Golden Eagle showing upper surface of wings and tail

Early November also brings a chance of seeing another rare bird—the Northern Goshawk. We had a single young bird on the 3^rd and none on the 4^th. This rare species is something of a will-o-the-wisp. It passes by rapidly and observers shake their head and say “did I just see what I think I saw?” Most of the passing goshawks are young and look a lot like an oversized young Cooper’s Hawk. Our single bird was identified that day as a “large Accipiter.” It was only after Jesse Adkins shared his nice image of the bird the next day did the species make it onto our count for the 3^rd.  The hawkwatch only gets a handful of goshawks a year, so every one is special.

   Immature Northern Goshawk darts past counters (photo courtesy of Jesse Adkins)

  

The biggest surprise of the two-day visit was the single Rough-legged Hawk that came over high up on the afternoon of Day Two. This handsomely-patterned species is even rarer than the goshawk at Waggoner’s Gap. This northern tundra-breeder winters in open prairies as well as coastal marshlands and is very rare in migration along the Appalachian ridges.

      Pale morph Rough-legged Hawk passes high overhead

I want to thank the official site counters Dave Grove, Ron Freed, Charlotte Catalano, and Gene Wagner for their hospitality. It is an educational and sociable experience spending time on the high rocks with these folks. I always learn a lot.

 

    Looking down on passing adult Red-shouldered Hawk

One Golden Eagle appeared to have a white radio trasmitter attached to its back (see photo below). This is a bird we can follow to its wintering abode if we can track down the scientist following this bird. 

    Adult Golden Eagle with white radio transmitter on upper back

Seeing more than 40 Golden Eagles in a two-day stretch is an experience I do not expect to replicate in future years.

    Adult Red-tailed Hawk in blue

   

    Adult Sharp-shinned Hawk zips past at eye level

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Cape May, New Jersey, 9-13 October 2020

Kinglets, Warblers, Peregrines, and Monarchs 

in a time of COVID

For some 30 years, David Wilcove and I have been scheduling autumn birding pilgrimages to Cape May, New Jersey. Here is a place where one can revel in an abundance of songbirds, seabirds, and raptors all in the bucolic surroundings of southernmost coastal New Jersey.

     Northern Parula

These days, David brings along students and colleagues associated or affiliated with Princeton University, where he teaches. And I bring along friends and colleagues from the Washington, DC area. This year, we decided to keep the tradition going in spite of the pandemic.

     Mute Swan

In 2020 our group included Paul Elsen from the Wildlife Conservation Society, Alex Wiebe and Dan Liang of Princeton University, and Christian Caryl of the Washington Post. We were hosted by local naturalists Louise Zemaitis and Michael O’Brien, who went out of their way to ensure we had a fun and productive birding weekend. 

     Black-and-White Warbler female

And we got to spend time with other birding experts that we incidentally rubbed shoulders with while out birding—people like Tom Johnson and Olivier Langrand—two superlative ornithologists. And we also bumped into long-time birding friends such as Amy and Tom Donovan, who migrate to Cape May  every fall for the birds and Monarch Butterflies and the glory of autumn.

    Summer Tanager female

We were treated to woodpeckers, warblers, kinglets, siskins, jaegers, gulls, terns, scoters, ibis, falcons, hawks, and harriers, among others. And lots of migrating Monarch Butterflies.

    Western Palm Warbler

The second weekend in October is typically the peak season for the passage of Peregrine Falcons, and this indeed was one of the major pay-offs of the weekend, though there were Merlins in good numbers as well as Ospreys in good numbers.

    Peregrine sharing beach with biker

Over a five-day period we birded the following local birding hotspots:

Coral Avenue is a wooden platform atop the dune on Cape May Point, just a bit west of the more famous Hawkwatch in Cape May Point State Park. The platform at Coral Avenue is a great place to start the day, especially when a decent northwest wind is blowing. One can scan for Parasitic Jaegers-- dark, raptorlike seabirds racing across the bay as they search for terns to mug. The jaegers force lesser birds to give up fish they have caught, often engaging in amazing aerial chases with the evading terns. 

    scoter flock over ocean

And Palm and Yellow-rumped Warblers race through the pines atop the dune, looking out for lurking Cooper’s and Sharp-shinned Hawks. Over the beach we see American Kestrels and Merlins race by in the winds. And this year we had the added bonus of flock after bouncing flock of Pine Siskins high overhead, arriving from the boreal forests of New England and Canada—apparently this is a flight year for this winter finch.

    Peregrine over beach at Stone Harbor Point (this and three images that follow)

Cape May Point State Park is well-known to birders because it hosts the autumn hawk watch managed by the Cape May Bird Observatory. The daily hawk watch takes place atop the broad wooden platform in the corner of the big parking lot, not far from the beach. Throughout the autumn, a team of counters tallies all the raptors that pass by, and the counters are joined by scores of happy birders, who get shown hawks and falcons of all sorts (as well as other interesting birds that pass by). 

For beginners, it is great to have an expert point out the birds and attach species names to them. The weekend we were there the hawkwatch tallied more than 50 Peregrine Falcons each day, and hundreds of additional raptors of nearly a dozen species. Some days with ideal northwest winds produce thousands of raptors in a day (for instance, the Thursday October 8th produced 2,000+ American Kestrels and a total count of 5,000+ raptors).

South Cape May Meadows (TNC) abuts the state park and is an open brushy wetland site great for walking about and birding. Our morning visit there produced Sora, Virginia Rail, and various ducks, as well as raptors overhead. It is also great for sparrows, because it has so much low thick vegetation.

Higbee Beach Wildlife Management Area hosts the morning flight, which counts songbirds in migration. Higbee is a great spot for sparrows, warblers, flickers, and accipiters when the northwest wind is blowing. We were out there Saturday morning, hunting the shrubbery for songbirds.

Stone Harbor Point about a half hour drive northeast of Cape May, is a large open expanse of beach great for walking and for watching migrating Monarch Butterflies, shorebirds, gulls, and passing  falcons. While walking down to the point on late Saturday morning, Christian Caryl and I spent more than an hour photographing a single young Peregrine that did not seem to mind our presence on the beach with it. We also were impressed by the large flocks of Sanderlings along the ocean shore. 

    Three images above of Sanderling flocks at Stone Harbor Point 

Nummy’s Island is a large saltmarsh island not far from Stone Harbor. On a very rainy Monday, when the remnants of Hurricane Delta were blowing, we ventured out to Nummy’s in search of three sparrow species that are marsh specialists: Nelson’s, Saltmarsh, and Seaside. Because we timed our visit to the high tide, we found the sparrows had been flushed out of the extensive marshes and were hiding in narrow thickets on each side of the road. In spite of 35 mile-an-hour winds and sheeting rain, Alex Wiebe was able to point out to us these reclusive birds as they darted to a fro. These birds are tough to see even under ideal circumstances.

    Red-breasted Nuthatch male. This autumn is seeing a flight of these little birds...

Avalon Seawatch is another autumn census site for the Cape May Bird Observatory. At the northeasternmost point of Avalon beach a small beach hut looks out over the large stone jetty extending out into the sea. Here the counter tallies the migration of ducks (mainly scoters), brant, gannets, cormorants, shorebirds, terns, gulls, jaegers, and falcons, as well as other odds and ends. 

    Black Scoters on the deck off Coral Avenue overlook

On our visit we saw hundreds of scoters in long lines as well as some nice shorebirds on the jetty— Ruddy Turnstone and Purple and Semipalmated Sandpiper. 

    Black-throated Blue Warbler male behind the Northwood Center (and at head of this article)

Lily Lake and the Northwood Center, a wonderful spot right in the middle of the neighborhoods of Cape May Point, and not far from the Coral Avenue overlook, is, at times, great for close encounters with migrant warblers and kinglets and other small songbirds. 

We found dozens of small foraging birds swarming a series of Siberian Elms on East Lake Avenue, just south of the Cape May Bird Observatory Bookstore at the Northwood Center. And we found the small woodland reserve behind the bookstore to be filled with foraging warblers one of the afternoons we visited. It is a nice change when the birds are not on the move but instead are hunkered down and feeding. One can spend some peaceful quality time here, the foraging birds being entirely oblivious to the observers.

    Ruby-crowned Kinglet (three images above)

Cape May in autumn is great for three reasons: lots of raptors, large numbers of songbirds, and the unexpected appearance of rarities. You never know what will appear. We were surprised on Tuesday morning at Coral Avenue to have a late Summer Tanager, a flock of White Ibis flying by, and a Yellow-headed Blackbird overhead in a large blackbird flock. In my head I am already planning a trip to Cape May next autumn...

    Two images above of Lesser Black-backed Gull: (top) adult, (lower) first winter bird

 

  Spartina alterniflora meadow of Hatch's Harbor looking out to the Race Point Light       

Outer Cape, 24 August – 2 September 2020

Late August and early September is the time Hudsonian Godwits pass through (or over) Cape Cod on their way to South America for the northern winter. Some even stop and have a rest on Cape Cod or its islands before their big nonstop flight down across the Atlantic to Brazil. Seeing godwits in autumn on Cape is usually a hit or miss affair. Last year, I saw a single individual on South Monomoy, resting and foraging at the Powder Hole—a famous spot for rare shorebird migrants.

View across Provincetown Harbor to the Pilgrim's Monument       

This year I was limited in my camping options because of the COVID-19 pandemic. I was unable to camp at Dune’s Edge in Provincetown (a lovely campsite) because tent-campers were banned for safety reasons. Instead, I found a nice private campground, North of Highland Light, in North Truro, that is exclusively tent-camping. It is set in thick pine woods just back from Head of the Meadow beach, and about 7 miles south of Provincetown. Mask-wearing at all times was strictly enforced, one of the reasons Massachusetts has been so successful in managing the virus.

Two Great Black-backed Gulls do battle on the mudflat of Provincetown Harbor        

    

I concentrated my fieldwork on the Outer Cape, between Wellfleet in the south to Race Point Beach at the very top of the Cape.

Common Tern (left) and Roseate Tern (right) loafing

      

I spent three mornings with local naturalist Dennis Minsky, doing Roseate Tern surveys in Provincetown Harbor. On an additional morning I joined Dennis and fellow birder Soheil Zendeh, both members of the ancient Nuttall Ornithological Club, to walk out through Hatch’s Harbor to Race Point to search for terns, shorebirds, and rare gulls—in particular, a Sabine’s Gull that had been lurking in the area for more than a month.

flock of loafing Common Terns (with some Roseates mixed in)       

I also spent a lot of time beach walking when I was not doing other things, and biking on the very fine bike trails in the Cape Cod National Seashore.

Mainly Roseate Terns (narrow dark beaks and pale mantles) 

I was lucky enough to take three whale-watches, two of them with Dennis as boat naturalist. Whale-watches always provide an opportunity to see seabirds, which is a treat for us landlubbers.

Cory's Shearwater low over the sea

     

My only “prestige” large shorebird species seen on this trip was Whimbrel, which I found at Race Point Beach and Lieutenant Island passage in Wellfleet—sorry, no godwits of either species. They had been around in some numbers in August—at Wellfleet, First Encounter Beach, North Monomoy, and also Minimoy Island (the last site featured 17 individuals in one flock).

Three Whimbrels skittish on the beach at Race Point

      

I hope to take up my field pursuit of Hudsonian Godwits on the breeding ground next spring, should conditions allow it. This spring and summer, Canada blocked travel by Americans across the border. I hope next spring will be different... allowing me to drive to arctic Canada as well as Alaska.

Gray Seals in the shallows to avoid the white sharks      

What follows is an assortment of images from my wanderings...

Humpback Whale blows      

young Humpback playing at surface    

close-up of the fluke as the Humpback dives   

Both flippers in view as whale plays on surface     

Nice to see two flukes at once!      

bird'seye view of young Humpback spy-hopping to look at us    

Great Shearwater on calm seas     

Great Shearwater walking on water as it takes off    

Parasitic Jaeger dark morph passes a cormorant     

Actively foraging flock of Greater Yellowlegs in Provincetown    

Piping Plover watching me on the mudflats of Provincetown Harbor      

Pale-mantled Roseate Tern   

Close-up of an adult late summer Roseate Tern      

Terns in the sky    

Two Whimbrels hunt for fiddler crabs at the passage of Lieutenant Island